Automated-Entry Patient Generated Health Data for Chronic Conditions: The Evidence on Health Outcomes

Project Summary Title and Description

Title
Automated-Entry Patient Generated Health Data for Chronic Conditions: The Evidence on Health Outcomes
Description
Technical brief for AHRQ on the evidence for whether PGHD devices and apps improve health outcomes for chronic conditions
Attribution
N/A
Authors of Report
N/A
Methodology description
N/A
PROSPERO
CRD42020156088
DOI
N/A
Notes
Data and tables are at https://srdr.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/12-07-2020/Appendixes+Technical+Brief+38+for+SRDR+12-7-20.docx
Funding Source
AHRQ

Key Questions

1. Diabetes Prevention Guiding Question 1. Which specific consumer automated-entry PGHD applications/technologies/devices have been studied for measurement of health outcomes? What studies are in progress of consumer PGHD devices?
2. Diabetes Prevention Guiding Question 2. What are the characteristics (e.g., interoperability, functions, acceptability/usability, sustainability, feasibility, fidelity, or integration into electronic health records) of these specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies?
3. Diabetes Prevention Guiding Question 3. What is the influence of specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies on health outcomes? Does this vary across different patient populations, different settings, or other modifiers of effectiveness?
4. Diabetes Prevention Guiding Question 4. What are the harms or adverse events associated with these specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies? Which patients in which settings are most at risk of harms?
5. Diabetes Prevention Guiding Question 5. For the technologies demonstrating associations with outcomes of interest, what full economic evaluations provide information on the relative value for consumers?
6. Obesity Guiding Question 1. Which specific consumer automated-entry PGHD applications/technologies/devices have been studied for measurement of health outcomes? What studies are in progress of consumer PGHD devices?
7. Obesity Guiding Question 2. What are the characteristics (e.g., interoperability, functions, acceptability/usability, sustainability, feasibility, fidelity, or integration into electronic health records) of these specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies?
8. Obesity Guiding Question 3. What is the influence of specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies on health outcomes? Does this vary across different patient populations, different settings, or other modifiers of effectiveness?
9. Obesity Guiding Question 4. What are the harms or adverse events associated with these specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies? Which patients in which settings are most at risk of harms?
10. Obesity Guiding Question 5. For the technologies demonstrating associations with outcomes of interest, what full economic evaluations provide information on the relative value for consumers?
11. Sleep Apnea Guiding Question 1. Which specific consumer automated-entry PGHD applications/technologies/devices have been studied for measurement of health outcomes? What studies are in progress of consumer PGHD devices?
12. Sleep Apnea Guiding Question 2. What are the characteristics (e.g., interoperability, functions, acceptability/usability, sustainability, feasibility, fidelity, or integration into electronic health records) of these specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies?
13. Sleep Apnea Guiding Question 3. What is the influence of specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies on health outcomes? Does this vary across different patient populations, different settings, or other modifiers of effectiveness?
14. Sleep Apnea Guiding Question 4. What are the harms or adverse events associated with these specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies? Which patients in which settings are most at risk of harms?
15. Sleep Apnea Guiding Question 5. For the technologies demonstrating associations with outcomes of interest, what full economic evaluations provide information on the relative value for consumers?
16. Hypertension Guiding Question 1. Which specific consumer automated-entry PGHD applications/technologies/devices have been studied for measurement of health outcomes? What studies are in progress of consumer PGHD devices?
17. Hypertension Guiding Question 2. What are the characteristics (e.g., interoperability, functions, acceptability/usability, sustainability, feasibility, fidelity, or integration into electronic health records) of these specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies?
18. Hypertension Guiding Question 3. What is the influence of specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies on health outcomes? Does this vary across different patient populations, different settings, or other modifiers of effectiveness?
19. Hypertension Guiding Question 4. What are the harms or adverse events associated with these specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies? Which patients in which settings are most at risk of harms?
20. Hypertension Guiding Question 5. For the technologies demonstrating associations with outcomes of interest, what full economic evaluations provide information on the relative value for consumers?
21. Coronary Artery Disease Guiding Question 1. Which specific consumer automated-entry PGHD applications/technologies/devices have been studied for measurement of health outcomes? What studies are in progress of consumer PGHD devices?
22. Coronary Artery Disease Guiding Question 2. What are the characteristics (e.g., interoperability, functions, acceptability/usability, sustainability, feasibility, fidelity, or integration into electronic health records) of these specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies?
23. Coronary Artery Disease Guiding Question 3. What is the influence of specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies on health outcomes? Does this vary across different patient populations, different settings, or other modifiers of effectiveness?
24. Coronary Artery Disease Guiding Question 4. What are the harms or adverse events associated with these specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies? Which patients in which settings are most at risk of harms?
25. Coronary Artery Disease Guiding Question 5. For the technologies demonstrating associations with outcomes of interest, what full economic evaluations provide information on the relative value for consumers?
26. Heart Failure Guiding Question 1. Which specific consumer automated-entry PGHD applications/technologies/devices have been studied for measurement of health outcomes? What studies are in progress of consumer PGHD devices?
27. Heart Failure Guiding Question 2. What are the characteristics (e.g., interoperability, functions, acceptability/usability, sustainability, feasibility, fidelity, or integration into electronic health records) of these specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies?
28. Heart Failure Guiding Question 3. What is the influence of specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies on health outcomes? Does this vary across different patient populations, different settings, or other modifiers of effectiveness?
29. Heart Failure Guiding Question 4. What are the harms or adverse events associated with these specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies? Which patients in which settings are most at risk of harms?
30. Heart Failure Guiding Question 5. For the technologies demonstrating associations with outcomes of interest, what full economic evaluations provide information on the relative value for consumers?
31. Cardiac Arrhythmias Guiding Question 1. Which specific consumer automated-entry PGHD applications/technologies/devices have been studied for measurement of health outcomes? What studies are in progress of consumer PGHD devices?
32. Cardiac Arrhythmias Guiding Question 2. What are the characteristics (e.g., interoperability, functions, acceptability/usability, sustainability, feasibility, fidelity, or integration into electronic health records) of these specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies?
33. Cardiac Arrhythmias Guiding Question 3. What is the influence of specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies on health outcomes? Does this vary across different patient populations, different settings, or other modifiers of effectiveness?
34. Cardiac Arrhythmias Guiding Question 4. What are the harms or adverse events associated with these specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies? Which patients in which settings are most at risk of harms?
35. Cardiac Arrhythmias Guiding Question 5. For the technologies demonstrating associations with outcomes of interest, what full economic evaluations provide information on the relative value for consumers?
36. Asthma Guiding Question 1. Which specific consumer automated-entry PGHD applications/technologies/devices have been studied for measurement of health outcomes? What studies are in progress of consumer PGHD devices?
37. Asthma Guiding Question 2. What are the characteristics (e.g., interoperability, functions, acceptability/usability, sustainability, feasibility, fidelity, or integration into electronic health records) of these specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies?
38. Asthma Guiding Question 3. What is the influence of specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies on health outcomes? Does this vary across different patient populations, different settings, or other modifiers of effectiveness?
39. Asthma Guiding Question 4. What are the harms or adverse events associated with these specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies? Which patients in which settings are most at risk of harms?
40. Asthma Guiding Question 5. For the technologies demonstrating associations with outcomes of interest, what full economic evaluations provide information on the relative value for consumers?
41. Stroke Guiding Question 1. Which specific consumer automated-entry PGHD applications/technologies/devices have been studied for measurement of health outcomes? What studies are in progress of consumer PGHD devices?
42. Stroke Guiding Question 2. What are the characteristics (e.g., interoperability, functions, acceptability/usability, sustainability, feasibility, fidelity, or integration into electronic health records) of these specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies?
43. Stroke Guiding Question 3. What is the influence of specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies on health outcomes? Does this vary across different patient populations, different settings, or other modifiers of effectiveness?
44. Stroke Guiding Question 4. What are the harms or adverse events associated with these specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies? Which patients in which settings are most at risk of harms?
45. Stroke Guiding Question 5. For the technologies demonstrating associations with outcomes of interest, what full economic evaluations provide information on the relative value for consumers?
46. COPD Guiding Question 1. Which specific consumer automated-entry PGHD applications/technologies/devices have been studied for measurement of health outcomes? What studies are in progress of consumer PGHD devices?
47. COPD Guiding Question 2. What are the characteristics (e.g., interoperability, functions, acceptability/usability, sustainability, feasibility, fidelity, or integration into electronic health records) of these specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies?
48. COPD Guiding Question 3. What is the influence of specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies on health outcomes? Does this vary across different patient populations, different settings, or other modifiers of effectiveness?
49. COPD Guiding Question 4. What are the harms or adverse events associated with these specific consumer automated-entry PGHD technologies? Which patients in which settings are most at risk of harms?
50. COPD Guiding Question 5. For the technologies demonstrating associations with outcomes of interest, what full economic evaluations provide information on the relative value for consumers?

Associated Extraction Forms

Type
Standard

Associated Studies (each link opens a new tab)

Title Authors Year
A Randomised Controlled Trial to Reduce Sedentary Time in Young Adults at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Project STAND (Sedentary Time ANd Diabetes).
Mobile health, exercise and metabolic risk: a randomized controlled trial.
Comparative effectiveness of guided weight loss and physical activity monitoring for weight loss and metabolic risks: A pilot study.
A Randomised Controlled Trial to Reduce Sedentary Time in Young Adults at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Project STAND (Sedentary Time ANd Diabetes).
Comparative effectiveness of guided weight loss and physical activity monitoring for weight loss and metabolic risks: A pilot study. 2017
Effect of Wearable Technology Combined With a Lifestyle Intervention on Long-term Weight Loss: The IDEA Randomized Clinical Trial. 2016
Impact of newer self-monitoring technology and brief phone-based intervention on weight loss: A randomized pilot study.
A randomized trial comparing two interventions to increase physical activity among patients undergoing bariatric surgery. 2016
Self-monitoring of spontaneous physical activity and sedentary behavior to prevent weight regain in older adults. 2014
Text4Diet: a randomized controlled study using text messaging for weight loss behaviors. 2012
A short-term physical activity randomized trial in the Lower Mississippi Delta.
Electronic feedback in a diet- and physical activity-based lifestyle intervention for weight loss: a randomized controlled trial. 2011
The Effectiveness of Mobile Phone-Based Care for Weight Control in Metabolic Syndrome Patients: Randomized Controlled Trial. 2015
A pragmatic randomised controlled trial in primary care of the Camden Weight Loss (CAMWEL) programme. 2012
CPAP treatment supported by telemedicine does not improve blood pressure in high cardiovascular risk OSA patients: a randomized, controlled trial.
Effectiveness of an App and Provider Counseling for Obesity Treatment in Primary Care.
e-Care for heart wellness: a feasibility trial to decrease blood pressure and cardiovascular risk.
DASH to wellness: emphasizing self-regulation through e-health in adults with prehypertension.
Efficacy of SmartLoss, a smartphone-based weight loss intervention: results from a randomized controlled trial. 2015
Web-based intervention to promote weight-loss maintenance using an activity monitor: A randomized controlled trial. 2019
Impact of Personal Health Records and Wearables on Health Outcomes and Patient Response: Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial.
Feasibility and potential efficacy of commercial mHealth/eHealth tools for weight loss in African American breast cancer survivors: pilot randomized controlled trial. 2018
Multicomponent intervention to reduce daily sedentary time: a randomised controlled trial. 2013
A Technology-Mediated Behavioral Weight Gain Prevention Intervention for College Students: Controlled, Quasi-Experimental Study.
Applying a technology-based system for weight loss in adults with obesity. 2016
A Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Study of Technology-Based Weight Loss Interventions among Endometrial Cancer Survivors. 2017
The Effect of Different Types of Monitoring Strategies on Weight Loss: A Randomized Controlled Trial. 2017
The Dietary Intervention to Enhance Tracking with Mobile Devices (DIET Mobile) Study: A 6-Month Randomized Weight Loss Trial. 2017
Effects of an abbreviated obesity intervention supported by mobile technology: The ENGAGED randomized clinical trial. 2017
Weight loss in Weight Watchers Online with and without an activity tracking device compared to control: A randomized trial. 2017
Enhancing physical activity and reducing obesity through smartcare and financial incentives: A pilot randomized trial. 2017
A Randomized Study of Exercise and Fitness Trackers in Obese Patients After Total Knee Arthroplasty.
Long-term efficacy and effectiveness of a behavioural and community-based exercise intervention (Urban Training) to increase physical activity in patients with COPD: a randomised controlled trial.
Efficacy of an mHealth intervention to stimulate physical activity in COPD patients after pulmonary rehabilitation.
Combined use of a wristband and a smartphone to reduce body weight in obese children: randomized controlled trial. 2018
Randomized Trial of a Fitbit-Based Physical Activity Intervention for Women. 2015
Telephone counseling and home telemonitoring: the Weigh by Day Trial. -- Not Found --
The efficacy of a technology-based system in a short-term behavioral weight loss intervention. 2007
Effectiveness of home-centered care through telemedicine applications for overweight and obese patients: a randomized controlled trial. 2004
A Ubiquitous Chronic Disease Care system using cellular phones and the internet.
Effect of Lifestyle Modification Using a Smartphone Application on Obesity With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Short-term, Randomized Controlled Study.
Short-Term Efficacy of an Innovative Mobile Phone Technology-Based Intervention for Weight Management for Overweight and Obese Adolescents: Pilot Study. 2017
A Comparative Effectiveness Trial of Three Walking Self-monitoring Strategies. 2016
Effectiveness of Facebook-Delivered Lifestyle Counselling and Physical Activity Self-Monitoring on Physical Activity and Body Mass Index in Overweight and Obese Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial. 2015
Short- and Long-term Effects of a Mobile Phone App in Conjunction With Brief In-Person Counseling on Physical Activity Among Physically Inactive Women: The mPED Randomized Clinical Trial. 2019
A Social Networking and Gamified App to Increase Physical Activity: Cluster RCT. 2020
CPAP treatment supported by telemedicine does not improve blood pressure in high cardiovascular risk OSA patients: a randomized, controlled trial.
Impact of Personal Health Records and Wearables on Health Outcomes and Patient Response: Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial. 2019
Effect of Lifestyle Modification Using a Smartphone Application on Obesity With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Short-term, Randomized Controlled Study. 2018
CPAP treatment supported by telemedicine does not improve blood pressure in high cardiovascular risk OSA patients: a randomized, controlled trial.
Effectiveness of an App and Provider Counseling for Obesity Treatment in Primary Care. 2018
e-Care for heart wellness: a feasibility trial to decrease blood pressure and cardiovascular risk. 2014
DASH to wellness: emphasizing self-regulation through e-health in adults with prehypertension. 2014
A Ubiquitous Chronic Disease Care system using cellular phones and the internet. 2009
Mobile health, exercise and metabolic risk: a randomized controlled trial.
Efficacy of a home blood pressure monitoring programme on therapeutic compliance in hypertension: the EAPACUM-HTA study. 2006
Improving blood pressure control in hypertensive hemodialysis patients. -- Not Found --
A mHealth-based care model for improving hypertension control in stroke survivors: Pilot RCT. 2018
Effect of self-monitoring and medication self-titration on systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease: the TASMIN-SR randomized clinical trial. 2014
Short-term telemedical home blood pressure monitoring does not improve blood pressure in uncomplicated hypertensive patients. 2017
The Influence of Wireless Self-Monitoring Program on the Relationship Between Patient Activation and Health Behaviors, Medication Adherence, and Blood Pressure Levels in Hypertensive Patients: A Substudy of a Randomized Controlled Trial. 2016
Self-monitoring of blood pressure for improving adherence to antihypertensive medicines and blood pressure control: a randomized controlled trial. 2014
Counseling African Americans to Control Hypertension: cluster-randomized clinical trial main effects. 2014
Home based telemedicine intervention for patients with uncontrolled hypertension--a real life non-randomized study. 2014
A multifaceted pharmacist intervention to improve antihypertensive adherence: a cluster-randomized, controlled trial (HAPPy trial). 2014
Lack of impact of a comprehensive intervention on hypertension in the primary care setting. 2014
Efficacy of self-monitored blood pressure, with or without telemonitoring, for titration of antihypertensive medication (TASMINH4): an unmasked randomised controlled trial. 2018
Home BP monitoring using a telemonitoring system is effective for controlling BP in a remote island in Japan. 2014
Randomized clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of remote patient monitoring and physician care in reducing office blood pressure. 2015
Effect of a Community Health Worker-Led Multicomponent Intervention on Blood Pressure Control in Low-Income Patients in Argentina: A Randomized Clinical Trial. 2017
Phone-based intervention for blood pressure control among Ghanaian stroke survivors: A pilot randomized controlled trial. 2019
Intensive versus conventional blood pressure monitoring in a general practice population. The Blood Pressure Reduction in Danish General Practice trial: a randomized controlled parallel group trial. 2018
Home blood pressure monitoring with nurse-led telephone support among patients with hypertension and a history of stroke: a community-based randomized controlled trial.
Using the immediate blood pressure benefits of exercise to improve exercise adherence among adults with hypertension: a randomized clinical trial. 2019
Effectiveness of Self-Monitoring Blood Pressure in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. 2016
Effect of home blood pressure telemonitoring and pharmacist management on blood pressure control: a cluster randomized clinical trial. 2013
Telemonitoring based service redesign for the management of uncontrolled hypertension: multicentre randomised controlled trial. 2013
Managing hypertension in urban underserved subjects using telemedicine--a clinical trial. 2013
A pharmacist-led, American Heart Association Heart360 Web-enabled home blood pressure monitoring program. 2013
Linking clinic and home: a randomized, controlled clinical effectiveness trial of real-time, wireless blood pressure monitoring for older patients with kidney disease and hypertension. 2013
Effect of home blood pressure telemonitoring with self-care support on uncontrolled systolic hypertension in diabetics. 2012
Nurse-led disease management for hypertension control in a diverse urban community: a randomized trial. 2012
Efficacy of isolated home blood pressure monitoring for blood pressure control: randomized controlled trial with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring - MONITOR study. 2012
Blood pressure telemonitoring is useful to achieve blood pressure control in inadequately treated patients with arterial hypertension. 2011
Home blood pressure management and improved blood pressure control: results from a randomized controlled trial. 2011
Racial differences in two self-management hypertension interventions. 2011
A multimodal blood pressure control intervention in 3 healthcare systems. 2011
Telemonitoring and self-management in the control of hypertension (TASMINH2): a randomised controlled trial. 2010
Mobile telemonitoring for achieving tighter targets of blood pressure control in patients with complicated diabetes: a pilot study. 2010
Two self-management interventions to improve hypertension control: a randomized trial. 2009
Effectiveness of home blood pressure monitoring, Web communication, and pharmacist care on hypertension control: a randomized controlled trial. 2008
Self-monitoring of blood pressure promotes achievement of blood pressure target in primary health care. 2005
Management of hypertension in the elderly using home blood pressures. 2001
Home monitoring service improves mean arterial pressure in patients with essential hypertension. A randomized, controlled trial. 2001
Effect of pharmacist intervention and initiation of home blood pressure monitoring in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. 2000
A randomized study comparing a patient-directed hypertension management strategy with usual office-based care. 1997
Utilizing a Mobile Health Intervention to Manage Hypertension in an Underserved Community. 2020
A Web-Based Self-Titration Program to Control Blood Pressure in Patients With Primary Hypertension: Randomized Controlled Trial. 2019
Impact of 12-Month Smartphone Breathing Meditation Program upon Systolic Blood Pressure among Non-Medicated Stage 1 Hypertensive Adults. 2020
CPAP treatment supported by telemedicine does not improve blood pressure in high cardiovascular risk OSA patients: a randomized, controlled trial. 2014
Improving access to cardiac rehabilitation using the internet: a randomized trial. 2015
Home-Based Rehabilitation With Telemonitoring Guidance for Patients With Coronary Artery Disease (Short-Term Results of the TRiCH Study): Randomized Controlled Trial. 2018
Increasing the medium-term clinical benefits of hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation by physical activity telemonitoring in coronary artery disease patients. 2015
Evaluation of a telemedicine service for the secondary prevention of coronary artery disease. -- Not Found --
Clinical and cost-effectiveness of home-based cardiac rehabilitation compared to conventional, centre-based cardiac rehabilitation: Results of the FIT@Home study. 2017
Effect of Smartphone-Enabled Health Monitoring Devices vs Regular Follow-up on Blood Pressure Control Among Patients After Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Effectiveness of Remote Patient Monitoring After Discharge of Hospitalized Patients With Heart Failure: The Better Effectiveness After Transition -- Heart Failure (BEAT-HF) Randomized Clinical Trial. 2016
Efficacy of telemedical interventional management in patients with heart failure (TIM-HF2): a randomised, controlled, parallel-group, unmasked trial. 2018
Mobile phone-based telemonitoring for heart failure management: a randomized controlled trial. 2012
Use of remote monitoring to improve outcomes in patients with heart failure: a pilot trial. 2010
Effect of home-based telemonitoring using mobile phone technology on the outcome of heart failure patients after an episode of acute decompensation: randomized controlled trial. 2009
The impact of telehealth care on health-related quality of life of patients with heart failure: Results from the Danish TeleCare North heart failure trial. -- Not Found --
Assessment of Remote Heart Rhythm Sampling Using the AliveCor Heart Monitor to Screen for Atrial Fibrillation: The REHEARSE-AF Study. 2017
Intermittent vs. Continuous Anticoagulation theRapy in patiEnts with Atrial Fibrillation (iCARE-AF): a randomized pilot study. 2017
Multi-centre Randomised Controlled Trial of a Smartphone-based Event Recorder Alongside Standard Care Versus Standard Care for Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Palpitations and Pre-syncope: The IPED (Investigation of Palpitations in the ED) study. 2019
Recurrent atrial fibrillation/flutter detection after ablation or cardioversion using the AliveCor KardiaMobile device: iHEART results. 2019
Clinical effect on uncontrolled asthma using a novel digital automated self-management solution: a physician-blinded randomised controlled crossover trial. 2019
Home blood pressure monitoring with nurse-led telephone support among patients with hypertension and a history of stroke: a community-based randomized controlled trial. 2013
Long-term efficacy and effectiveness of a behavioural and community-based exercise intervention (Urban Training) to increase physical activity in patients with COPD: a randomised controlled trial. 2018
Efficacy of an mHealth intervention to stimulate physical activity in COPD patients after pulmonary rehabilitation. 2016
Tele-monitoring reduces exacerbation of COPD in the context of climate change--a randomized controlled trial. 2013
A telerehabilitation intervention for patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: a randomized controlled pilot trial. 2014
Implementation of a telehealth programme for patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treated with long-term oxygen therapy. 2013
Pedometer Step Count Targets during Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. A Randomized Controlled Trial. 2017
Physical activity is increased by a 12-week semiautomated telecoaching programme in patients with COPD: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. 2017
Effects of low-intensity exercise and home-based pulmonary rehabilitation with pedometer feedback on physical activity in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 2015
A Smart Mobile Health Tool Versus a Paper Action Plan to Support Self-Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations: Randomized Controlled Trial. 2019
Outpatient vs. home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD: a randomized controlled trial. 2010

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