Bone Metastases Systematic Review

Project Summary Title and Description

Title
Bone Metastases Systematic Review
Description
To evaluate the comparative effectiveness and harms of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for palliative treatment of metastatic bone disease (MBD).
Attribution
N/A
Authors of Report
Andrea C. Skelly, Ph.D., M.P.H.; Roger Chou, M.D.; Erika D. Brodt, B.S.; Shelley Selph, M.D., M.P.H.; Eric Chang, M.D.; Jessica Bordley, M.D.; Rongwei Fu, Ph.D.; Yun Yu, M.S.; Rebecca Holmes, M.D.; Tracy Dana, M.L.S.; Shay Stabler-Morris, M.Sc.; Dakota Riopelle, M.P.H.
Methodology description
Systematic Review
PROSPERO
CRD42022340073
DOI
No DOI yet
Notes
The report has not been posted yet. This is the link to the Protocol: https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/radiation-therapy-bone-metastases/protocol). When posted, a link to the final report will appear along with the protocol. Data was entered retrospectively.
Funding Source
N/A

Key Questions

1. KQ1: For symptomatic adults with bone metastases who will receive initial radiation for palliation, what is the comparative effectiveness and what are the comparative harms of dose-fractionation schemes and techniques for delivery (e.g., three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy, stereotactic body radiation)?
2. KQ2: For symptomatic adults with bone metastases who will receive re-irradiation for palliation, what is the comparative effectiveness and what are the comparative harms of dose-fractionation schemes and techniques for delivery (e.g., three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy, stereotactic body radiation)?
3. KQ3: What is the effectiveness and what are the harms of EBRT in the palliative treatment of bone metastases in symptomatic adults for the following: a. EBRT compared with another single MBD treatment modality (e.g., surgery, radionuclide therapy, bisphosphonate therapy, ablation kyphoplasty/ vertebroplasty) b. EBRT combined with another treatment modality (e.g., surgery, radionuclide therapy, bisphosphonate therapy, ablation kyphoplasty/ vertebroplasty) compared with EBRT alone? c. EBRT combined with another treatment modality (e.g., surgery, radionuclide therapy, bisphosphonate therapy, ablation kyphoplasty/ vertebroplasty) compared with the other (same) treatment modality alone?

Associated Extraction Forms

Type
Standard

Associated Studies (each link opens a new tab)

Title Authors Year
8 Gy single fraction radiotherapy for the treatment of metastatic skeletal pain: randomised comparison with a multifraction schedule over 12 months of patient follow-up. Bone Pain Trial Working Party 1999
Single-versus multi-fraction radiation treatment for metastatic spinal cord compression: functional outcome study Abu-Hegazy, Mohammad, Wahba, Hanan A. 2011
Concurrent capecitabine with external beam radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in painful bone metastasis of breast cancer origin Ahmed, S., S, M. Kamal, Salah, T., Fawzy Sedik, M., Youssief, A. A. 2021
Surgical resection of epidural disease improves local control following postoperative spine stereotactic body radiotherapy Al-Omair, A., Masucci, L., Masson-Cote, L., Campbell, M., Atenafu, E. G., Parent, A., Letourneau, D., Yu, E., Rampersaud, R., Massicotte, E., Lewis, S., Yee, A., Thibault, I., Fehlings, M. G., Sahgal, A. 2013
Local control rates of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to the bone using stereotactic body radiation therapy: Is RCC truly radioresistant? Amini, A., Altoos, B., Bourlon, M. T., Bedrick, E., Bhatia, S., Kessler, E. R., Flaig, T. W., Fisher, C. M., Kavanagh, B. D., Lam, E. T., Karam, S. D. 2015
Single versus multiple fractions of palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases: a randomized clinical trial in Iranian patients Amouzegar-Hashemi, F., Behrouzi, H., Kazemian, A., Zarpak, B., Haddad, P. 2008
Single Fraction versus Multiple Fraction Radiotherapy for treatment of painful bone metastases: A Prospective Study; Mansoura experience Anter, Abeer Hussien 2015
Zoledronic acid concurrent with either high- or reduced-dose palliative radiotherapy in the management of the breast cancer patients with bone metastases: a phase IV randomized clinical study Atahan, L., Yildiz, F., Cengiz, M., Kaplan, B., Ozkan, M., Yazici, G., Gndo, M., Haydarolu, A., Korcum, A. F., Sengz, M., Diner, M., Akmansu, M., Engin, K., Hayran, M. 2010
20 Gy in five fractions versus 8 Gy in one fraction in palliative radiotherapy of bone metastases. A multicenter randomized study Badzio, A., Senkus-Konefka, E., Jereczek-Fossa, B. A., Adamska, K., Fajndt, S., Tesmer-Laskowska, I., Janus-Kukulska, E., Jassem, J. 2003
Stereotactic radiosurgery for spinal metastases with or without separation surgery Bate, B. G., Khan, N. R., Kimball, B. Y., Gabrick, K., Weaver, J. 2015
Oligorecurrent prostate cancer treated with metastases-directed therapy or standard of care: a single-center experience Boeri, L., Sharma, V., Kwon, E., Stish, B. J., Davis, B. J., Karnes, R. J. 2021
Comparing the Effectiveness of Combined External Beam Radiation and Hyperthermia Versus External Beam Radiation Alone in Treating Patients With Painful Bony Metastases: A Phase 3 Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial Chi, M. S., Yang, K. L., Chang, Y. C., Ko, H. L., Lin, Y. H., Huang, S. C., Huang, Y. Y., Liao, K. W., Kondo, M., Chi, K. H. 2018
Dexamethasone in the prophylaxis of radiation-induced pain flare after palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases: a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial Chow, E., Meyer, R. M., Ding, K., Nabid, A., Chabot, P., Wong, P., Ahmed, S., Kuk, J., Dar, A. R., Mahmud, A., Fairchild, A., Wilson, C. F., Wu, J. S. Y., Dennis, K., Brundage, M., DeAngelis, C., Wong, R. K. S. 2015
Single versus multiple fractions of repeat radiation for painful bone metastases: a randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial Chow, E., van der Linden, Y. M., Roos, D., Hartsell, W. F., Hoskin, P., Wu, J. S., Brundage, M. D., Nabid, A., Tissing-Tan, C. J., Oei, B., Babington, S., Demas, W. F., Wilson, C. F., Meyer, R. M., Chen, B. E., Wong, R. K. 2014
Comparison of patient-reported outcomes with single versus multiple fraction palliative radiotherapy for bone metastasis in a population-based cohort Conway, J. L., Yurkowski, E., Glazier, J., Gentles, Q., Walter, A., Bowering, G., Curtis, S., Schellenberg, D., Halperin, R., Lapointe, V., Beckham, W., Olivotto, I. A., Olson, R. A. 2016
Treatment of Solitary Painful Osseous Metastases with Radiotherapy, Cryoablation or Combined Therapy: Propensity Matching Analysis in 175 Patients Di Staso, M., Gravina, G. L., Zugaro, L., Bonfili, P., Gregori, L., Franzese, P., Marampon, F., Vittorini, F., Moro, R., Tombolini, V., Di Cesare, E., Masciocchi, C. 2015
Outcomes and toxicity for hypofractionated and single-fraction image-guided stereotactic radiosurgery for sarcomas metastasizing to the spine Folkert, M. R., Bilsky, M. H., Tom, A. K., Oh, J. H., Alektiar, K. M., Laufer, I., Tap, W. D., Yamada, Y. 2014
Randomized clinical trial with two palliative radiotherapy regimens in painful bone metastases: 30 Gy in 10 fractions compared with 8 Gy in single fraction Foro Arnalot, P., Fontanals, A. V., Galcern, J. C., Lynd, F., Latiesas, X. S., de Dios, N. R., Castillejo, A. R., Bassols, M. L., Galn, J. L., Conejo, I. M., Lpez, M. A. 2008
Pain relief and quality of life following radiotherapy for bone metastases: a randomised trial of two fractionation schedules Gaze, M. N., Kelly, C. G., Kerr, G. R., Cull, A., Cowie, V. J., Gregor, A., Howard, G. C., Rodger, A. 1997
Single-fraction versus multifraction spinal stereotactic radiosurgery for spinal metastases from renal cell carcinoma: secondary analysis of Phase I/II trials Ghia, A. J., Chang, E. L., Bishop, A. J., Pan, H. Y., Boehling, N. S., Amini, B., Allen, P. K., Li, J., Rhines, L. D., Tannir, N. M., Tatsui, C. E., Brown, P. D., Yang, J. N. 2016
Dose-intensified hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy for painful spinal metastases: Results of a phase 2 study Guckenberger, M., Sweeney, R. A., Hawkins, M., Belderbos, J., Andratschke, N., Ahmed, M., Madani, I., Mantel, F., Steigerwald, S., Flentje, M. 2018
Radiation therapy for the management of painful bone metastases: Results from a randomized trial Gutierrez Bayard, L., Salas Buzon Mdel, C., Angulo Pain, E., de Ingunza Baron, L. 2014
Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of external beam and stereotactic body radiation therapy in the treatment of spine metastases: a matched-pair analysis Haley, M. L., Gerszten, P. C., Heron, D. E., Chang, Y. F., Atteberry, D. S., Burton, S. A. 2011
Single versus conventional fractionated radiotherapy in the palliation of painful bone metastases Hamouda, W. E., Roshdy, W., Teema, M. 2007
Randomized trial of short- versus long-course radiotherapy for palliation of painful bone metastases Hartsell, W. F., Scott, C. B., Bruner, D. W., Scarantino, C. W., Ivker, R. A., Roach, M., 3rd, Suh, J. H., Demas, W. F., Movsas, B., Petersen, I. A., Konski, A. A., Cleeland, C. S., Janjan, N. A., DeSilvio, M. 2005
A randomized trial of conventional fraction versus hypofraction radiotherapy for bone metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma He, J., Shi, S., Ye, L., Ma, G., Pan, X., Huang, Y., Zeng, Z. 2019
Single-session and multisession CyberKnife radiosurgery for spine metastases-University of Pittsburgh and Georgetown University experience Heron, D. E., Rajagopalan, M. S., Stone, B., Burton, S., Gerszten, P. C., Dong, X., Gagnon, G. J., Quinn, A., Henderson, F. 2012
Determining the incidence of pain flare following palliative radiotherapy for symptomatic bone metastases: results from three canadian cancer centers Hird, A., Chow, E., Zhang, L., Wong, R., Wu, J., Sinclair, E., Danjoux, C., Tsao, M., Barnes, E., Loblaw, A. 2009
Radiotherapy combined with zoledronate can reduce skeletal-related events in renal cell carcinoma patients with bone metastasis Hosaka, S., Katagiri, H., Niwakawa, M., Harada, H., Wasa, J., Murata, H., Takahashi, M. 2018
IAEA randomised trial of optimal single dose radiotherapy in the treatment of painful bone metastases Hoskin, P., Rojas, A., Fidarova, E., Jalali, R., Mena Merino, A., Poitevin, A., Oucrif, S., Abdelwahab, S., Kochbati, L., Plieskiene, A., Casas, F., Stojanovic, S., Schneider, G., Jeremic, B. 2015
A Multicenter Randomized Trial of Ibandronate Compared With Single-Dose Radiotherapy for Localized Metastatic Bone Pain in Prostate Cancer Hoskin, P., Sundar, S., Reczko, K., Forsyth, S., Mithal, N., Sizer, B., Bloomfield, D., Upadhyay, S., Wilson, P., Kirkwood, A., Stratford, M., Jitlal, M., Hackshaw, A. 2015
Effect of Single-Fraction vs Multifraction Radiotherapy on Ambulatory Status Among Patients With Spinal Canal Compression From Metastatic Cancer: The SCORAD Randomized Clinical Trial Hoskin, P. J., Hopkins, K., Misra, V., Holt, T., McMenemin, R., Dubois, D., McKinna, F., Foran, B., Madhavan, K., MacGregor, C., Bates, A., O'Rourke, N., Lester, J. F., Sevitt, T., Roos, D., Dixit, S., Brown, G., Arnott, S., Thomas, S. S., Forsyth, S., Beare, S., Reczko, K., Hackshaw, A., Lopes, A. 2019
A prospective randomised trial of 4 Gy or 8 Gy single doses in the treatment of metastatic bone pain Hoskin, P. J., Price, P., Easton, D., Regan, J., Austin, D., Palmer, S., Yarnold, J. R. 1992
Single-fraction radiotherapy versus multifraction radiotherapy for palliation of painful vertebral bone metastases-equivalent efficacy, less toxicity, more convenient: a subset analysis of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group trial 97-14 Howell, D. D., James, J. L., Hartsell, W. F., Suntharalingam, M., Machtay, M., Suh, J. H., Demas, W. F., Sandler, H. M., Kachnic, L. A., Berk, L. B. 2013
A randomized trial of three single-dose radiation therapy regimens in the treatment of metastatic bone pain Jeremic, B., Shibamoto, Y., Acimovic, L., Milicic, B., Milisavljevic, S., Nikolic, N., Aleksandrovic, J., Igrutinovic, I. 1998
Prospective randomised multicenter trial on single fraction radiotherapy (8 Gy x 1) versus multiple fractions (3 Gy x 10) in the treatment of painful bone metastases Kaasa, S., Brenne, E., Lund, J. A., Fayers, P., Falkmer, U., Holmberg, M., Lagerlund, M., Bruland, O. 2006
Outcomes in the radiosurgical management of metastatic spine disease Kelley, K. D., Racareanu, R., Sison, C. P., Gogineni, E., Rana, Z., Gandhi, S. V., Salas, S., Wagner, K., Latefi, A., Ghaly, M. M. 2019
Continuing evidence for poorer treatment outcomes for single male patients: retreatment data from RTOG 97-14 Konski, A., Desilvio, M., Hartsell, W., Watkins-Bruner, D., Coyne, J., Scarantino, C., Janjan, N. 2006
Adverse Outcomes After Palliative Radiation Therapy for Uncomplicated Spine Metastases: Role of Spinal Instability and Single-Fraction Radiation Therapy Lam, T. C., Uno, H., Krishnan, M., Lutz, S., Groff, M., Cheney, M., Balboni, T. 2015
(ICORG 05-03): prospective randomized non-inferiority phase III trial comparing two radiation schedules in malignant spinal cord compression (not proceeding with surgical decompression); the quality of life analysis Lee, K. A., Dunne, M., Small, C., Kelly, P. J., McArdle, O., O'Sullivan, J., Hacking, D., Pomeroy, M., Armstrong, J., Moriarty, M., Clayton-Lea, A., Parker, I., Collins, C. D., Thirion, P. 2018
Pain flare in patients with bone metastases after palliative radiotherapy--a nested randomized control trial Loblaw, D. A., Wu, J. S., Kirkbride, P., Panzarella, T., Smith, K., Aslanidis, J., Warde, P. 2007
Quality of Life of Patients with Spinal Metastasis from Cancer of Unknown Primary Origin: A Longitudinal Study of Surgical Management Combined with Postoperative Radiation Therapy Ma, Y., He, S., Liu, T., Yang, X., Zhao, J., Yu, H., Feng, J., Xu, W., Xiao, J. 2017
Single Fraction versus Multiple Fraction Radiotherapy for Palliation of Painful Vertebral Bone Metastases: A Prospective Study Majumder, D., Chatterjee, D., Bandyopadhyay, A., Mallick, S. K., Sarkar, S. K., Majumdar, A. 2012
Randomised study of single dose (8 Gy vs. 6 Gy) of analgesic radiotherapy plus zoledronic acid in patients with bone metastases Maas, A., Casas, F., Ciria, J. P., Lpez, C., Sez, J., Palacios, A., de las Heras, M., Porto, C., Snchez, E., Martn, C., Esco, R., Veiras, C., Martnez, J. C., Mrquez, M., Ramos, A., Calvo, F., Fuertes, J., Andreu, F. J., Contreras, J., Prez, L., Romero, J., Vayreda, J., Victoria, C. 2008
Short-course versus split-course radiotherapy in metastatic spinal cord compression: results of a phase III, randomized, multicenter trial Maranzano, E., Bellavita, R., Rossi, R., De Angelis, V., Frattegiani, A., Bagnoli, R., Mignogna, M., Beneventi, S., Lupattelli, M., Ponticelli, P., Biti, G. P., Latini, P. 2005
8Gy single-dose radiotherapy is effective in metastatic spinal cord compression: results of a phase III randomized multicentre Italian trial Maranzano, E., Trippa, F., Casale, M., Costantini, S., Lupattelli, M., Bellavita, R., Marafioti, L., Pergolizzi, S., Santacaterina, A., Mignogna, M., Silvano, G., Fusco, V. 2009
Efficacy of radiotherapy for painful bone metastases during the last 12 weeks of life: results from the Dutch Bone Metastasis Study Meeuse, J. J., van der Linden, Y. M., van Tienhoven, G., Gans, R. O., Leer, J. W., Reyners, A. K. 2010
Single-Fraction Stereotactic vs Conventional Multifraction Radiotherapy for Pain Relief in Patients With Predominantly Nonspine Bone Metastases: A Randomized Phase 2 Trial Nguyen, Q. N., Chun, S. G., Chow, E., Komaki, R., Liao, Z., Zacharia, R., Szeto, B. K., Welsh, J. W., Hahn, S. M., Fuller, C. D., Moon, B. S., Bird, J. E., Satcher, R., Lin, P. P., Jeter, M., O'Reilly, M. S., Lewis, V. O. 2019
Randomized trial of single dose versus fractionated palliative radiotherapy of bone metastases Nielsen, O. S., Bentzen, S. M., Sandberg, E., Gadeberg, C. C., Timothy, A. R. 1998
Rapid course radiation therapy vs. more standard treatment: a randomized trial for bone metastases Niewald, M., Tkocz, H. J., Abel, U., Scheib, T., Walter, K., Nieder, C., Schnabel, K., Berberich, W., Kubale, R., Fuchs, M. 1996
Two-year survival follow-up of the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study of radium-223 chloride in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer and bone metastases Nilsson, S., Franzn, L., Parker, C., Tyrrell, C., Blom, R., Tennvall, J., Lennerns, B., Petersson, U., Johannessen, D. C., Sokal, M., Pigott, K., O'Bryan-Tear, C. G., Thuresson, M., Bolstad, B., Bruland , S. 2013
Bone-targeted radium-223 in symptomatic, hormone-refractory prostate cancer: a randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase II study Nilsson, S., Franzen, L., Parker, C., Tyrrell, C., Blom, R., Tennvall, J., Lennernas, B., Petersson, U., Johannessen, D. C., Sokal, M., Pigott, K., Yachnin, J., Garkavij, M., Strang, P., Harmenberg, J., Bolstad, B., Bruland, O. S. 2007
Comparison of Single Versus Multifraction Radiotherapy in Palliation of Painful Bone Metastases Nongkynrih, A., Dhull, A. K., Kaushal, V., Atri, R., Dhankhar, R., Kamboj, K. 2018
Randomized prospective clinical study of small, large and twice-a-day fraction radiotherapy for painful bone metastases Okawa, T., Kita, M., Goto, M., Nishijima, H., Miyaji, N. 1988
Evaluation of Patient-Reported Outcome Differences by Radiotherapy Techniques for Bone Metastases in A Population-Based Healthcare System Olson, Robert A., LaPointe, Vincent, Benny, Alex, Chan, Matthew, Lefresne, Shilo, McKenzie, Michael 2022
Strontium(89) chloride versus palliative local field radiotherapy in patients with hormonal escaped prostate cancer: a phase III study of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Genitourinary Group Oosterhof, G. O., Roberts, J. T., de Reijke, T. M., Engelholm, S. A., Horenblas, S., von der Maase, H., Neymark, N., Debois, M., Collette, L. 2003
Palliative radiotherapy in bone metastases: Results of a randomized trial comparing three fractionation schedules zsaran, Z., Yalman, D., Anacak, Y., Esassolak, M., Haydarolu, A. 2001
Direct decompressive surgical resection in the treatment of spinal cord compression caused by metastatic cancer: a randomised trial Patchell, R. A., Tibbs, P. A., Regine, W. F., Payne, R., Saris, S., Kryscio, R. J., Mohiuddin, M., Young, B. 2005
Pain Response After Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Versus Conventional Radiation Therapy in Patients With Bone Metastases-A Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial Within a Prospective Cohort Pielkenrood, B. J., van der Velden, J. M., van der Linden, Y. M., Bartels, M. M. T., Kasperts, N., Verhoeff, J. J. C., Eppinga, W. S. C., Gal, R., Verlaan, J. J., Verkooijen, H. M. L. 2021
Results of a randomized phase-III trial to evaluate the efficacy of strontium-89 adjuvant to local field external beam irradiation in the management of endocrine resistant metastatic prostate cancer Porter, A. T., McEwan, A. J., Powe, J. E., Reid, R., McGowan, D. G., Lukka, H., Sathyanarayana, J. R., Yakemchuk, V. N., Thomas, G. M., Erlich, L. E., et al. 1993
A report of RTOG 8206: a phase III study of whether the addition of single dose hemibody irradiation to standard fractionated local field irradiation is more effective than local field irradiation alone in the treatment of symptomatic osseous metastases Poulter, C. A., Cosmatos, D., Rubin, P., Urtasun, R., Cooper, J. S., Kuske, R. R., Hornback, N., Coughlin, C., Weigensberg, I., Rotman, M. 1992
Prospective randomised trial of single and multifraction radiotherapy schedules in the treatment of painful bony metastases Price, P., Hoskin, P. J., Easton, D., Austin, D., Palmer, S. G., Yarnold, J. R. 1986
A comparison of the palliative effects of strontium-89 and external beam radiotherapy in metastatic prostate cancer Quilty, P. M., Kirk, D., Bolger, J. J., Dearnaley, D. P., Lewington, V. J., Mason, M. D., Reed, N. S., Russell, J. M., Yardley, J. 1994
Precision Radiation Therapy for Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression: Final Results of the PRE-MODE Trial Rades, D., Cacicedo, J., Conde-Moreno, A. J., Segedin, B., But-Hadzic, J., Groselj, B., Kevlishvili, G., Lomidze, D., Ciervide-Jurio, R., Rubio, C., Perez-Romasanta, L. A., Alvarez-Gracia, A., Olbrich, D., Doemer, C., Schild, S. E., Hollaender, N. H. 2020
Comparison of Two Radiotherapy Regimens for Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression: Subgroup Analyses from a Randomized Trial Rades, D., Conde-Moreno, A. J., Cacicedo, J., egedin, B., Stanic, K., Metz, M., Rudat, V., Schild, S. E. 2018
Surgery followed by radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for metastatic spinal cord compression from unfavorable tumors Rades, D., Huttenlocher, S., Bajrovic, A., Karstens, J. H., Adamietz, I. A., Kazic, N., Rudat, V., Schild, S. E. 2011
Patient-Reported Outcomes-Secondary Analysis of the SCORE-2 Trial Comparing 4 Gy 5 to 3 Gy 10 for Metastatic Epidural Spinal Cord Compression Rades, D., egedin, B., Conde-Moreno, A. J., Ferrer-Albiach, C., Metz, M., Polat, B., Badakhshi, H., Schreiber, A., Nitsche, M., Cacicedo, J., Schild, S. E. 2019
Radiotherapy With 4 Gy 5 Versus 3 Gy 10 for Metastatic Epidural Spinal Cord Compression: Final Results of the SCORE-2 Trial (ARO 2009/01) Rades, D., egedin, B., Conde-Moreno, A. J., Garcia, R., Perpar, A., Metz, M., Badakhshi, H., Schreiber, A., Nitsche, M., Hipp, P., Schulze, W., Adamietz, I. A., Norkus, D., Rudat, V., Cacicedo, J., Schild, S. E. 2016
Spinal reirradiation after short-course RT for metastatic spinal cord compression Rades, D., Stalpers, L. J., Veninga, T., Hoskin, P. J. 2005
Irradiation of bone metastases in breast cancer patients: a randomized study with 1 year follow-up Rasmusson, B., Vejborg, I., Jensen, A. B., Andersson, M., Banning, A. M., Hoffmann, T., Pfeiffer, P., Nielsen, H. K., Sjgren, P. 1995
Clinical outcomes of helical conformal versus nonconformal palliative radiation therapy for axial skeletal metastases Romano, K. D., Trifiletti, D. M., Bauer-Nilsen, K., Wages, N. A., Watkins, W. T., Read, P. W., Showalter, T. N. 2017
Randomized trial of 8 Gy in 1 versus 20 Gy in 5 fractions of radiotherapy for neuropathic pain due to bone metastases (Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group, TROG 96.05) Roos, D. E., Turner, S. L., O'Brien, P. C., Smith, J. G., Spry, N. A., Burmeister, B. H., Hoskin, P. J., Ball, D. L. 2005
Stereotactic body radiotherapy versus conventional external beam radiotherapy in patients with painful spinal metastases: an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 2/3 trial Sahgal, A., Myrehaug, S. D., Siva, S., Masucci, G. L., Maralani, P. J., Brundage, M., Butler, J., Chow, E., Fehlings, M. G., Foote, M., Gabos, Z., Greenspoon, J., Kerba, M., Lee, Y., Liu, M., Liu, S. K., Thibault, I., Wong, R. K., Hum, M., Ding, K., Parulekar, W. R. 2021
Long-term follow-up of cancer patients receiving radiotherapy for bone metastases: results from a randomised multicentre trial Sande, T. A., Ruenes, R., Lund, J. A., Bruland, O. S., Hornslien, K., Bremnes, R., Kaasa, S. 2009
Multiple and single fraction palliative radiotherapy in bone secondaries - A prospective study Sarkar, S. K., Sarkar, S., Pahari, B., Majumdar, D. 2002
Single fraction compared with multiple fraction re-irradiations in patients with painful bone metastases Sayed, M. M., Abdel-Wanis, M. E., El-Sayed, M. I. 2013
Role of strontium-89 as adjuvant to palliative external beam radiotherapy is questionable: results of a double-blind randomized study Smeland, S., Erikstein, B., Aas, M., Skovlund, E., Hess, S. L., Foss, S. D. 2003
Radiosurgery Compared with External Radiation Therapy as a Primary Treatment in Spine Metastasis from Hepatocellular Carcinoma : A Multicenter, Matched-Pair Study Sohn, S., Chung, C. K., Sohn, M. J., Kim, S. H., Kim, J., Park, E. 2016
Effect of high-dose dexamethasone in carcinomatous metastatic spinal cord compression treated with radiotherapy: a randomised trial Srensen, S., Helweg-Larsen, S., Mouridsen, H., Hansen, H. H. 1994
Quality of Life Following Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Versus Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy for Vertebral Metastases: Secondary Analysis of an Exploratory Phase II Randomized Trial Sprave, T., Verma, V., Frster, R., Schlampp, I., Bruckner, T., Bostel, T., El Shafie, R. A., Nicolay, N. H., Debus, J., Rief, H. 2018
Radiation-induced acute toxicities after image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy versus three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for patients with spinal metastases (IRON-1 trial) : First results of arandomized controlled trial Sprave, T., Verma, V., Frster, R., Schlampp, I., Bruckner, T., Bostel, T., Welte, S. E., Tonndorf-Martini, E., El Shafie, R., Nicolay, N. H., Debus, J., Rief, H. 2018
Randomized phase II trial evaluating pain response in patients with spinal metastases following stereotactic body radiotherapy versus three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy Sprave, T., Verma, V., Frster, R., Schlampp, I., Bruckner, T., Bostel, T., Welte, S. E., Tonndorf-Martini, E., Nicolay, N. H., Debus, J., Rief, H. 2018
Quality of Life and Radiation-induced Late Toxicity Following Intensity-modulated Versus Three-dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy for Patients with Spinal Bone Metastases: Results of a Randomized Trial Sprave, T., Verma, V., Frster, R., Schlampp, I., Hees, K., Bruckner, T., Bostel, T., El Shafie, R., Nicolay, N. H., Debus, J., Rief, H. 2018
Bone density and pain response following intensity-modulated radiotherapy versus three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for vertebral metastases - secondary results of a randomized trial Sprave, T., Verma, V., Frster, R., Schlampp, I., Hees, K., Bruckner, T., Bostel, T., El Shafie, R. A., Welzel, T., Nicolay, N. H., Debus, J., Rief, H. 2018
Local response and pathologic fractures following stereotactic body radiotherapy versus three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for spinal metastases - a randomized controlled trial Sprave, T., Verma, V., Frster, R., Schlampp, I., Hees, K., Bruckner, T., Bostel, T., El Shafie, R. A., Welzel, T., Nicolay, N. H., Debus, J., Rief, H. 2018
The effect of a single fraction compared to multiple fractions on painful bone metastases: a global analysis of the Dutch Bone Metastasis Study Steenland, E., Leer, J. W., van Houwelingen, H., Post, W. J., van den Hout, W. B., Kievit, J., de Haes, H., Martijn, H., Oei, B., Vonk, E., van der Steen-Banasik, E., Wiggenraad, R. G., Hoogenhout, J., Wrlm-Rodenhuis, C., van Tienhoven, G., Wanders, R., Pomp, J., van Reijn, M., van Mierlo, I., Rutten, E. 1999
Non-inferiority randomised phase 3 trial comparing two radiation schedules (single vs. five fractions) in malignant spinal cord compression Thirion, P. G., Dunne, M. T., Kelly, P. J., Flavin, A., O'Sullivan, J. M., Hacking, D., Sasiadek, W., Small, C., Pomeroy, M. M., Martin, J., McArdle, O., Parker, I., O'Sullivan, L. S., Shannon, A. M., Clayton-Lea, A., Collins, C. D., Stevenson, M. R., Alvarez-Iglesias, A., Armstrong, J. G., Moriarty, M. 2020
Impact of postoperative radiation therapy and other perioperative factors on outcome after orthopedic stabilization of impending or pathologic fractures due to metastatic disease Townsend, P. W., Rosenthal, H. G., Smalley, S. R., Cozad, S. C., Hassanein, R. E. 1994
Multifraction radiotherapy for palliation of painful bone metastases: 20 Gy versus 30 Gy Valeriani, M., Scaringi, C., Blasi, L., Carnevale, A., De Sanctis, V., Bonome, P., Bracci, S., Marrone, G., Minniti, G., Enrici, R. M. 2015
Patient-Reported Outcomes of Oligometastatic Patients After Conventional or Stereotactic Radiation Therapy to Bone Metastases: An Analysis of the PRESENT Cohort van de Ven, S., van den Bongard, D., Pielkenrood, B., Kasperts, N., Eppinga, W., Peters, M., Verkooijen, H., van der Velden, J. 2020
Single fraction radiotherapy is efficacious: a further analysis of the Dutch Bone Metastasis Study controlling for the influence of retreatment van der Linden, Y. M., Lok, J. J., Steenland, E., Martijn, H., van Houwelingen, H., Marijnen, C. A., Leer, J. W. 2004
Patients with a favourable prognosis are equally palliated with single and multiple fraction radiotherapy: results on survival in the Dutch Bone Metastasis Study van der Linden, Y. M., Steenland, E., van Houwelingen, H. C., Post, W. J., Oei, B., Marijnen, C. A., Leer, J. W. 2006
Efficacies of 89Sr and combination treatments with regional extra-beam radiotherapy for cancer patients with multiple bone metastasis Wang, Jianqiang, Cao, Chunxiao, Yin, Hong, Yang, Qi, Zeng, Guoli 2010
Radiotherapy, bisphosphonates and surgical stabilization of complete or impending pathologic fractures in patients with metastatic bone disease Wolanczyk, M. J., Fakhrian, K., Hermani, H., Bhler, H., Adamietz, I. A. 2016
A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of zoledronic acid in bony metastatic bladder cancer Zaghloul, M. S., Boutrus, R., El-Hossieny, H., Kader, Y. A., El-Attar, I., Nazmy, M. 2010
Tumor control outcomes after hypofractionated and single-dose stereotactic image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy for extracranial metastases from renal cell carcinoma Zelefsky, M. J., Greco, C., Motzer, R., Magsanoc, J. M., Pei, X., Lovelock, M., Mechalakos, J., Zatcky, J., Fuks, Z., Yamada, Y. 2012
Phase 3 Multi-Center, Prospective, Randomized Trial Comparing Single-Dose 24 Gy Radiation Therapy to a 3-Fraction SBRT Regimen in the Treatment of Oligometastatic Cancer Zelefsky, M. J., Yamada, Y., Greco, C., Lis, E., Schder, H., Lobaugh, S., Zhang, Z., Braunstein, S., Bilsky, M. H., Powell, S. N., Kolesnick, R., Fuks, Z. 2021
Comparison of the therapeutic effects of surgery combined with postoperative radiotherapy and standalone radiotherapy in treating spinal metastases of lung cancer Zhang, C., Wang, G., Han, X., Ren, Z., Duo, J. 2016

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