Recently Published Projects

Objectives: Data for three surveillance reports for the 2020 report Treatments for Acute Pain: A Systematic Review (https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/treatments-acute-pain/research). The 2020 report addressed benefits and harms of opioid, nonopioid pharmacologic, and nonpharmacologic treatments for specific types of acute pain (low back pain, neck pain, other musculoskeletal pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain [excluding inpatient management of pain after major surgical procedures], dental pain, pain due to kidney stones, and pain due to sickle cell disease). Given the clinical and public health importance of this topic, it is important to identify new evidence that could impact practice or policy. The purpose of this update was to identify new evidence published since the original 2020 report, and to determine how the new evidence impacts the findings of the original 2020 report.

Objectives: Q1: What is the risk for the development of cardiovascular outcomes in patients with breast cancer compared to those in the general population? Q2: What are the incidence rates of cardiovascular diseases among patients diagnosed with breast cancer?

Objectives:

Objectives: Structured Abstract Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness, use, and implementation of telehealth for women’s preventive services for reproductive health care and interpersonal violence (IPV), and to evaluate patient preferences and engagement for telehealth, particularly in the context of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Data sources. Ovid MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases (July 1, 2016 to March 4, 2022); manual review of reference lists; suggestions from stakeholders and responses to a Federal Register Notice. Review methods. Eligible abstracts and full-text articles of telehealth interventions were independently dual reviewed for inclusion using predefined criteria. Dual review was used for data abstraction, study-level risk of bias assessment, and strength of evidence (SOE) rating using established methods. Meta-analysis was not conducted due to heterogeneity of studies and limited available data. Results. Searches identified 5,704 unique records. Eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs), one nonrandomized trial, and seven observational studies, involving 10,731 participants, met inclusion criteria. Of these, nine evaluated IPV services and seven evaluated contraceptive care, the only reproductive health service studied. Risk of bias was low in one study, moderate in nine trials and five observational studies, and high in one study. Telehealth interventions were intended to replace usual care in 14 studies and supplement care in two studies. Delivery modes included telephone (5 studies), online modules (5 studies), and mobile applications (1 study), and was unclear or undefined in five studies. There were no differences between telehealth interventions to supplement contraceptive care and comparators for rates of contraceptive use, sexually transmitted infection, and pregnancy (low SOE); evidence was insufficient for abortion rates. There were no differences between telehealth IPV services versus comparators for outcomes measuring repeat IPV, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, fear of partner, coercive control, self-efficacy, and safety behaviors (low SOE). The COVID-19 pandemic increased telehealth utilization. Barriers to telehealth interventions included limited internet access and digital literacy among English-speaking IPV survivors, and technical challenges and confidentiality concerns for contraceptive care. Telehealth use was facilitated by strategies to ensure safety of individuals who receive IPV services. Evidence was insufficient to evaluate access, health equity, or harms outcomes. Conclusions. Limited evidence suggests that telehealth interventions for contraceptive care and IPV services result in equivalent clinical and patient-reported outcomes as in-person care. Uncertainty remains regarding the most effective approaches for delivering these services, and how to best mobilize telehealth, particularly for women facing barriers to health care.

Objectives: The systematic review will assess the prehabilitation and rehabilitation options for patients who are undergoing (or have undergone) elective, unilateral, total knee or hip replacement surgery for OA.